What is a Command Economy? Home » Accounting Dictionary » What is a Command Economy? Definition: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is an economy that empowers the state to make economic decisions about the type of goods.

. The government creates a central economic plan. The five-year plan sets economic and societal goals for every sector and region of the country. Shorter-term plans convert the goals into actionable objectives.

The government allocates all resources according to the central plan. It tries to use the nation's, labor, and in the most efficient way possible. It promises to use each person's skills and abilities to their highest capacity. It seeks to eliminate unemployment. The central plan sets the priorities for the production of all goods and services. That includes quotas and price controls. Its goal is to supply enough food, housing, and other basics to meet the needs of everyone in the country.

It also sets national priorities. These include mobilizing for war or generating robust. The government owns businesses.

These are in industries deemed essential to the goals of the economy. That includes finance, utilities, and automotive. There is no domestic competition in these sectors. The government creates laws, and directives to enforce the central plan. Businesses follow the plan's production and hiring targets. They can't respond on their own to. Belarus: This former Soviet satellite is still a command economy.

 The government owns 80% of the country's businesses and 75% of its banks. China: After, Mao Tse Tung created a society ruled. He enforced a strictly planned economy. The current leaders are moving toward a market-based system.

They continue to create five-year plans to outline economic goals and objectives. Cuba: Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution installed Communism and a planned economy.  The Soviet Union subsidized Cuba’s economy until 1990. The government is slowly incorporating market reforms to spur growth.: The government controls 60% of the economy through state-owned businesses. It uses price controls and to regulate the market. This control created, which it has ignored.

Instead, it devoted resources to expanding its nuclear capability. The imposed sanctions, worsening its recessions. The economy improved once the nuclear trade deal ended sanctions in 2015. Libya: In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi created a command economy reliant upon oil revenues.

 Most Libyans work for the government. Gaddafi had been instituting reforms to create a market-based economy. But his 2011 assassination halted these plans. North Korea: After World War II, President Kim Il-sung created the world's most centrally-planned economy.  It created food shortages, malnutrition, and several bouts of mass starvation. Most state resources go into building up the military. Russia: In 1917, Vladimir Lenin created the first Communist command economy.

The Russian people were ready for a radical change, having suffered starvation during. Joseph Stalin built up military might and quickly rebuilt the economy after World War II.

The Soviet State Planning Committee, or “Gosplan,” has been the most-studied command economy entity. The USSR was also the longest-running command economy, lasting from the 1930s until the late 1980s. Then, the state transferred ownership of the largest companies to.Bon Kristoffer G. Gabnay, Roberto M. Remotin Jr., Edgar Allan M.

Rex Book Store, 2007.CIA The World Factbook. ',' Accessed Dec. 4, 2019.CIA The World Factbook. ',' Accessed Dec. 4, 2019.CIA The World Factbook. ',' Accessed Dec. 4, 2019.CIA The World Factbook.

'North Korea,' Accessed Dec. 4, 2019.John Eatwell, et al. The Macmillan Press Limited, 1990. Accessed March 23, 2020.John Gary Maxwell. University of Oklahoma Press, 2016.Sonia G.

Cengage Gale, 2005.

A good economic system is very important for the financial growth and stability of a country. It describes how well a country’s economy is organized. There are many types of economies, like traditional, market, mixed, command, authoritarian, democratic, and capitalist economies. They all have certain similarities and differences; for instance, authoritarian socialism is almost similar to a command system, while a capitalist economic system is almost similar to the market approach. In this article, you will learn all about command economy and some of its historic and modern examples.In case of command economy, all the decisions are taken by the government, and it determines what goods and services need to be produced and sold. HistoryAfter the World War I, Germany was virtually bankrupt, since the country was financially burdened due to the aftermath of the war.

Prices of most of the goods and services started skyrocketing, leading to hyperinflation. It was around this time that the concept of a command economy was first developed by the Viennese economist, Otto Neurath. The phrase comes from the German language, Befehlswirtschaft, which was initially used to describe the Nazi economy, since it followed a centralized economic system, sharing many similarities with the Soviet Union. However, the system existed even before in the ancient societies, like Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, and China. According to reliable sources, it has been in existence even in the Incan empire of Peru (16th century) and among the Mormons, in Utah (19th century). Otto Neurath developed this term based on his observations of economies during wartime.

Since then and until today, however, the term has become an important reference model in the framework of economic systems. Planned or command economy primarily relies on centralized bureaucratic administration. The centralized agencies are the ones that establish production targets, fix prices of goods, and allocate resources. Here, the price and supply are regulated by the government; they decide what is to be produced, when, for whom, and how much.

All the economic decisions are taken by the government, and are planned by a central authority.Some ancient and modern examples of this economic system are given below (as of 2013). The modern ones still follow this system, while the ancient ones used to follow the same, but the practice has been abolished as of today. Historic Examples 1: The Inca Empire of PeruThe Incas of Peru followed a centrally planned economic system, which, according to sources, was one of the finest ever followed. Back in the 16th century, there was no money involved.

Instead, the Incas used crops and other market produce, and had such efficient planning that the basic needs of every citizen were sufficiently met. Efficient labor management and proper allocation of resources were the chief strengths of this system. It worked this way―every clan/group would produce goods depending on the location.

These would be distributed among the regions, which lacked in those goods. Surplus was kept at storage houses. Labor management worked by allocating different jobs to different groups; for instance, some would build houses, some would build canals and temples, while some were assigned for cleaning. In return, the government provided them with basic needs and protection. 2: Nazi GermanyAfter the World War I, Germany went through a severe economic meltdown.

However, even before the war, the country followed a planned economic system. It had a formal, centralized, administrative hierarchy with a bureaucratic staff and an authoritarian. In the early 1930s, Adolf Hitler came to power through the Nazi party, around and before which time the country suffered a financial rundown.

Like Stalin, Hitler decided to introduce the command economy, and the central government then directed industries to make and deliver goods and services in specified amounts. Economic policies were introduced to stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment. Prices of everyday goods were carefully regulated. This was one of the few cases of the last century when the country benefited by following a centralized system. 3: The Former Soviet UnionClaimed to be one of the most successful economies of the last century (though it collapsed later), the former Soviet Union followed a planned economic system, which was mainly characterized by five-year plans. The system was based on central administrative planning and state ownership.

Following the typical traits, the central government of the former Soviet Union virtually controlled all means of investment, production, and consumption. The five-year time frame was broken down into an annual period, whose goals were to target economic policies. According to these policies, the Gosplan (Gosudarstvennyy planovyy komitet), one of the widely-studied systems, was formulated to achieve production targets and economic growth. Though it assured a balance among the sectors and was successful for a period of time, with the introduction of the market-oriented socialism policy, the economy began to stagnate. This resulted in its final dissolution in the year 1991. Modern Examples 1: North KoreaAlmost isolated from the rest of the countries, North Korea follows the centralized system.

The state controls the production, sets priorities regarding economic development, and assets are looked after solely by the government. Since the collapse of the former Soviet Union, however, the country has been through turbulent times. The reason being, the collapse of its trading partners and the fall of a majority of the communist regimes. Though the government has been introducing a change of policies, the financial condition has not shown a remarkable growth. In the midst of the 1990s, the flood of natural disasters forced the country to accept foreign aid, after which the government began to open up the economy to limited foreign investment and increased trade.

However, it still remains one of the countries with an almost-complete planned economic system. According to the estimates by South Korea’s central bank, North Korea’s economy grew by 1.1% in 2013. 2: CubaOnce titled as the “Sugar Bowl of the World”, Cuba follows a centralized system.

However, this country does have significant foreign investment and private enterprises. Most of the production is run by the government, and most of the labor is employed by the state. Slight corruption is rampant in the country, as it is with every central system. Like North Korea, the nation once relied heavily on the Soviet Union, but with its collapse, the nation introduced newer economic reforms.

Despite being one of the very few communist countries in recent times (and it might be unlikely that it will change any time in the near future), Cuba has managed to keep its economy steady. One of the primary reasons for this is the usage of its natural resources. Agriculture was and still is one of the driving forces of the economy.

However, the policies seen are such that the government benefits from the trade, not the people, since the agriculture is focused on cash crops, and the common man has to shell out a large sum on food. Cuba is also a strong nickel producer, and in recent times, the country has become an important tourist destination. Thus, though laced with its disadvantages, Cuba seems to be thriving on the command philosophy for now. 3: Burma (Myanmar)For a very long time, Myanmar had adopted a centrally planned system until the year 1988, when certain economic reforms were introduced to facilitate a market-oriented system. From 1989 – 1992, different tried-and-tested policies were used to facilitate economic growth. As of today, the country’s major GDP contribution comes from the industries, like agriculture, textiles, wooden products, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers. Copper, tungsten, and iron industries are heavy contributors as well.

Though market reforms have been introduced, some activities are still actively controlled by the state. The government monopolizes international trade in certain key commodities like rice. Inside the system, some commodities remain subsidized and some are rationed. The undeveloped banking system deters business activities. The government also periodically intervenes in the foreign exchange market by detaining currency brokers. Characteristics Monopoly BusinessThe government owns a monopoly business in the industries that contribute heavily towards the economy.

These include finance, automobiles, computers, etc. Unlike other economies, where cutthroat competition would be evident among these industries, there is no domestic competition here. Laws for Economic ActivitiesThe government creates laws and rules for all the economic activities.

These include certain regulations, planning on whom the goods and services are for, and deciding the wages of the workers. Economic PlanOne of the notable and primary features of this system is the creation of a central economic plan (generally, a 5-year plan) for all the regions in the country. This plan defines the economic goals. Further, this plan is broken down into smaller, short-term plans in order to efficiently fulfill all the goals and objectives, some of which mainly include:. Increased economic growth. Efficient and proper utilization of less available resources. Increase productionResource AllocationThe government allocates resources in order to fulfill the goals.

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It aims to use the country’s finance, labor, and resources in the most optimized-possible way. Adnantages. This system can execute huge projects and create innumerable industrial power. Since there is hardly any individual interest involved, it can comfortably take care of the needs and welfare of the general population.

It has the capacity to mobilize resources effectively on a large scale.Disadvantages. Excess production of one material and very less of the other leads to decreased efficiency. This can arise due to the fact that the central authority does not get the latest information regarding the needs of consumers.

Rapid mobilization leads to ignorance of the other needs of the society. This approach quite often leads to the black market business, for the exchange of materials that this system does not produce. Since prices are set by the government, they cannot be used to measure or control demand. There is very less innovation, as the business firms focus only on fulfilling the orders of the central authority.

There is less coordination among the different sectors, and so, the global market suffers due to trouble in producing the proper exports to meet foreign needs.A majority of the countries in the world today follow the mixed economic system. Remember that every system has its pros and cons, and the growth of a country depends on how well the system is planned and executed.Like it? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies.

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